ETAP TUTORIALS: MODELING A SERIES CAPACITOR

A Series Capacitor is not included in the list of ETAP elements in the AC Edit Toolbar. However, it doesn’t mean that we can’t include a series capacitor in our one-line diagram and simulation. This is because modeling a series capacitor in ETAP is very easy using a simple trick.

EMERGENCE OF SUPERCAPACITORS OR ULTRACAPACITORS

Supercapacitor or Ultracapacitor is technically an electrochemical double layer capacitor (EDLC). This technology is already gaining ground in challenging the Battery as the leading and preferred energy storage device. It exemplifies a large improvement from the common electrolytic capacitors, which are quick and powerful but energy poor. Meanwhile, supercapacitors are energy-rich storage devices whose first applications are likely to be in hybrid electric vehicles and backup power supplies.

POWER QUALITY BASICS: HARMONICS

Harmonics are described by IEEE as sinusoidal voltages or currents having frequencies that are integer multiples of the fundamental frequency at which the power system is designed to operate. This means that for a 60-Hz system, the harmonic frequencies are 120 Hz (2nd harmonic), 180 Hz (3rd harmonic) and so on. Harmonics combine with the fundamental voltage or current producing a non-sinusoidal shape, thus, a waveform distortion power quality problem. The non-sinusoidal shape corresponds to the sum of different sine waves with different magnitudes and phase angles, having frequencies that are multiples of the system frequency.

INTRODUCTION TO ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY FREE eBook DOWNLOAD

Introduction to Electromagnetic Compatibility (2^nd Edition) deals with the subject of interference in electronic systems. It builds on the undergraduate electrical engineering concepts and applies them to the design of electronic systems that operate compatibly with other electronic systems and do not create interference phenomena.

SINGLE-PHASING ON TRANSFORMER SECONDARY

Single-phasing occurs when one phase of a three-phase system is intentionally or accidentally opened. It is considered as the worst case of Voltage Unbalance and can either be in the primary side or secondary side of a distribution transformer. However, this post will only discuss single-phasing on the secondary side of the transformer.

SWITCHED MODE POWER SUPPLY (SMPS) FOR ELECTRONICS APPLICATIONS

Switched Mode Power Supply (SMPS), sometimes called Switcher is gaining popularity in the last decade or so. The SMPS is more efficient and lighter in weight as compared to its conventional counterpart, the linear power supply.

ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE (ESD) PROCESS AND PROTECTION

Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) is a form of an impulsive transient exhibited by the rapid and momentary flow of electrostatic charge two things that are at different potentials. Generally, this sudden discharge of static electricity does not harm the human body, but it can create several problems such as damaged electronic components, equipment downtime, safety concerns and material handling issues in the manufacturing and production facilities.